Breech-loading fire-arm



BREEGH LOADING I 'IRB ARM.

Patented -Feb. 7,1882.

N. Farms. Phnewumosmpner. wmingum :1cv

IVER JOHNSON AND MARTIN BYE,

PATENT OFFICE..

OF VVOROSTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 253,292, dated February7, 1882.

Application filed September 4, 1880. (No model.)

'To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, lvER JOHNSON and MARTIN BYE, both of Vorcester, inthe county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have inventedcertain new and useful lm provenients in Fire-Arms, ot' which thefollowingis a specilication.

Our invention relates to improvements in breech-loading tire-arms; andit consists in the 1o construction of the fore stoel: and the manner ofattaching the locking devices thereto; in connecting the breech-pieceand lock-plate by means of the side plates which support the hammers,the rear projection on the lockplate,

I5 and the tang of the breech-piece; in the novel manner of arrangingand adjusting the mainspring to retract the hammer from the nipple, ofoperating the cartridge-extractor while the barrels are being turned forloading, and o f zo connectingthehamnnerandtumblerand mounting them onthe lock-plate.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate abreech-loading gunshowing all our improvements as embodied in the best way now known tous, Figure l is a lengthwise vertical section. Fig. 2 is a sideelevation, partly in section. Figs. 3 and 4 are perspective views of thetwo parts which alone form the front stock. Fig-5 is a sectional view ofthe lock.

3o Fig. 6 is a section on line .r x, Fig. 5. Fig. i

is a perspective view of the hammer and tumbler. The lower shoulder ofthe recess in the tumbler projects beyond the upper shoulder of thatrecess, as shown more clearly in Fig. 5.

3 5 Fig.8 is a perspective view of thebreech-piece,

and Fig. 9 is a similar view of the lock-plate.

The barrels Aturn on the pin Gin the breechpiece D inthe usual way, andare provided with the usual projecting blocks, ct a ft2-the block 4o afor connecting the front stock, B, to the barreis, the block a forconnecting the barrels to the breech-piece D, and the block c2 forconnecting them with the usual locking-bolt.

One feature of our invention consists in con- Y 4 5 structin g the frontstock, B, of the metal piece b and the Wooden piece b only, and inmounting the locking-lever b2 and its spring b3 in a hollow projectionon the metal piece b and snugly fitting thisv metal piece b to thewooden 5o part b of the front stock. The hollow projection on the metalpiece b extends through a or guiding the locking-lever heretoforeemployed.

Another feature of our invention consists in theconstruction ofthebreecl'rpiece D and lockplated and in the manner ot' connecting themtogether. The breech-piece D has the usual slots to receive the blockset a2 and the locking'bolt a3, is grooved underneath to receive thet'ore part of the lock-plate d, and has its rear end shapedto receivethe projection d thereon. It is alsoprovided with a tang extending backbetween the upper parts of the projections d2 to a projecting piece onthe rear end ofthe lock-plate d. This tang is fastenedl to thisprojecting piece and to the projections d2 by screws. The free part ot'the lock-plate d is also fastened to the piece D by a screw, thus firmlyuniting the parts D and d together, which two parts so united form astrong breech-piece, to which the rear stock is secured by a screw-boltextending from the shoulderrest tothe projecting piece on the lock-plated, into which it is screwed. A leaf-spring, d?, which acts on thelocking-bolt c3, is used instead ofthe usual spring acting on the lingerlever ot the top snap, is attached to the pieceV D, and lies in a recesstherein, which recess is covered by the lock-plate d.

Another feature of our invention consists in thenovel arrangement ofthemainspring and tumbler by which the hammeris retracted from and heldoifot the nipple, and consists in placing the ends ot' both leaves ot adouble-leated mainspring, j', in a recess on the tumbler F, which iscontrolled by the usual sear,f, and sear-springj'z. ,The otherend ofthemainspring tits in a seat in the projecting piece on the lock-plated.Theupperleat ofthe mainspring j' bears on the upper shoulder of therecess in the tumbler F, while the lower leatI rests on top of aset-screw, f3, by which it can be adjusted to throw back and hold thehammer at quarter or half cock, or in any other position, provided it benot so far as to prevent the requisite action of the upper leaf. Theactions of the two leaves are secured by the difference of leverage withwhich they act on the tumbler, and this difference of leverage arisesfrom the length of the upper shoulder ofthe recess and the distancethrough which it moves (as it describes an arc of smaller radius) beingless than the length and movement of the lower shoulder, as clearlyindicated in Fig. 5, from which it will readily be seen that in cookingthe gun the upper leaf is depressed by the upper shoulder of shortleverage and small movement, while the lower leaf remains on the end ofthe set-screw. By releasing the tumbler the -reaction ofthe upper leafwill throw the hammer forward, and it will strike the nipple or ringpinif the lower leaf be properly adjusted by the set-screwf3; but duringthe fall of the hammer and at a time before it strikes the nipple,determined by the adjustment of the lower leaf, the longer and farthermoving lower shoulder of the recess strikes the lower leafot themainspring, which it carries away from the set-screw, and both leavesare now exerting substantially the same force on each shoulder, but onaccount of the greater leverage the lower leaf is enabled to overcomethe resistance ofthe upper leaf and to bring back the hammer to quarteror half cock, or to a position determined by the adjustment of theset-screw. When the locking-bolt is drawn back and the barrels turned onpin G (in the usual manner) the end of the cartridge-extractor arm gcomes against the shoulder g2, and the extractor g is thus moved outfrom the open breech of the barrels in the usual manner; but thisshoulder g2 is on a metal piece, g4, which is mounted on a spring, g5,as shown in the drawings, and which has a second shoulder, g3, forming acontinuation of the metal piece g4 and extending above the shoulder g2,the whole iitting in a recess in the front end of the stationarybreechpiece D, and held out by the spring g5 when the gun is closed, so-that the shoulder g2 is in' the arc described by the arm g in openingthe gun, and in wh-ich arc it remains until pushed down by the barrelsstriking and acting on the shoulder g3, which is pressed upon by the ribor the metal between the barrels, so as to carry shoulder g2 down belowthe level of extractor-arni g', and thereby leave that' arm free to movewhile the gun is open. This arrangement of the extractor whereby it isleft free to be pushed back when the gun is open-that is, ready toreceive a new cartridgeconstitutes another feature of our invention.

The hammer F and tumbler F are rigidly connected by the piecef4, andboth are supported on the projections d2 by a pin,f5. Gonnecting thehammer and tumbler rigidly in this way by a connecting-piece extendingfrom the tumbler and at one side of the journal which supports them, soas to leave room between the hammer and tumbler for that part of thelock-plate through which the journal of the hammer and tumbler passes,also-consti- -tutes a feature ofv our invention.

What we claim as our invention isl. .The front stock, B, composed ot'the metal piece b and theV wood stock b', the metal piece b havingahollow projection formed on it, which extends through a mortise in andterminates iiush with the exterior surface of the wood stock b', andhaving the locking-lever b2 and its spring b3 mounted in this hollowprojection, substantially as set forth.

2. A breech-piece for lire-arms, consisting of the breech-piece D anda'lock-plate, d, having projections d2 for supporting the hammer andtumbler, and a projecting piece on its rear end, the tang of thebreecll-piece D passing between the projections cl2, to which and theprojecting piece it is fastened, substantially as and for the purposesset forth.

3. The combination of the hammer having a tumbler provided with a recessthe upper shoulder of which is shorter and nearer the center of motionthan the lower shoulder thereof, with a double-leafed inainspri ng, bothleaves of which lie in the recess in the tumbler, the upper leaf bearingagainst the upper shoulder and the lower leaf resting on a setsorew,byturning which it canbe raised or lowered to the proper position to catchthe lower shoulder while the hammer is falling, so as to throw thehammer back after it has struck, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination ot' the cartridge-extractor g and its arm g with themetal piece g, mounted in a recess in the breech-pieceD and held out bythe springk g5, so that its shoulder g2 is in the arc described by theend of the arm g' in opening the gun, and its shoulder g3 is struck anddepressed by the barrels of the gun, so as to cause the shoulderg2 tomove away from the arm g and lea-veitfree to be pushed i-n when the gunis open, 'substantially as set forth.

Y5. The hammer and tumbler rigidly connected by a connecting-piece,f4,lying at one side ofthe pin f5, which supports the hammer and tumbler,in combination with the projection d2, lying between the hammerandtumbler, substantially as described.

'IVER JOHNSON.

MARTIN BYE.

IOO

IOS

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